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अ

/ə/ a

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1. the first letter of the alphabet in Sanskrit and its derived languages, representing the sound a (अ):

2. the vowel a (अ) representing in grammatical treatises, except when Prescribed as an affix or an augment or a substitute, all its eighteen varieties caused by accentuation or nasalisation or lengthening:

3. personal ending a (अ) of the perf. sec.pl. and first and third pers. sing.;

4. kṛt affix c (अ) prescribed especially after the denominative and secondary roots in the sense of the verbal activity e. g. बुभुक्षा, चिन्ता, ईक्षा, चर्चा etc.cf. अ प्रत्ययात् etc. (P.III 3.102-106);

5. sign of the aorist mentioned as añ (अङ्) or cañ (चङ्) by Pāṇini in P. III i.48 to 59 e.g. अगमत्, अचीकरत्;

6. conjugational sign mentioned as śap (शप्) or śa (श) by Pāṇini in P. III.1.68, 77. e.g. भवति, तुदति etc.;

7. augment am (अम्) as prescribed by P. VI.1.58; e.g. द्रष्टा, द्रक्ष्यति;

8. augment aṭ (अट्) prefixed to a root in the imperf. and aorist tenses and in the conditional mood e. g. अभवत्, अभूत्, अभविष्यत् cf. P. VI.4.71;

9. kṛt affix a (अ) prescribed as अङ्, अच्, अञ्, अण्, अन्, अप्, क, ख, घ, ञ, ड्, ण, etc. in the third Adhyāya of Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī;

10. tad. affix a (अ) mentioned by Pāṇini as अच्, अञ् अण्, अ etc. in the fourth and the fifth chapters of the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini;

11. the samāsānta affix a (अ), as also stated in the form of the samāsānta affixes (डच्, अच्, टच्, ष्, अष् and अञ्) by Pāṇini in V.4.73 to 121;

12. substitute a (अश्) accented grave for इदम before case-affixes beginning with the ins. case:

13. remnant (अ) of the negative particle नञ् after the elision of the consonant n (न्) by नलोपो नञः P. vi.3.73.